The comparable region in Drosophila contains about 75 clock neurons on each hemisphere of the fly brain.
There are approximately 10,000 neurons in each unilateral mice SCN. The brain clock is most apparent – has very strong core clock gene expression – in a restricted region of the anteroventral hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ( Reppert and Moore, 1991). Importantly, these circadian transcription factors (TFs) drive the oscillating expression of many thousands of tissue-specific output genes, which regulate diverse aspects of physiology and behavior ( Meireles-Filho et al., 2014).Ĭircadian clocks tick away in many different mammalian tissues including the brain. Eukaryotic circadian clocks rely on a now well-defined transcription-translation feedback loop, which generates roughly ~24 hr periodicity ( Takahashi, 2017 Top and Young, 2018).
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